Exenatide Acetate, also known as Exendin-4, is a significant therapeutic agent used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog and functions by activating the GLP-1 receptor. This activation leads to an increase in insulin secretion, a decrease in glucagon secretion, and a slowing of gastric emptying, all of which contribute to improved glycemic control.
Structure
Exenatide's chemical formula is C184H282N50O60S, and it has an average molecular weight of 4186.6 Da. Its sequence is denoted as HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPS, indicating its complex peptide structure.
Application
Exenatide is used primarily as an adjunct to diet and exercise to enhance glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. It is available in both immediate and extended-release formulations, the latter being suitable for patients aged 10 years and older, while the immediate-acting form is approved only for adults.
The drug is administered subcutaneously and is known for its ability to modulate the body's natural response to glucose, preventing both hyper and hypoglycemia. It achieves this by increasing insulin secretion, reducing glucagon release, and slowing gastric emptying.
Exenatide's pharmacokinetic properties include reaching peak plasma concentration in about 2.1 hours and a half-life of approximately 2.4 hours. It is mainly eliminated through glomerular filtration followed by proteolysis and then excretion in the urine.
This peptide demonstrates the potential of protein-based therapies in managing chronic conditions like diabetes, showcasing the advancement in biotechnological applications in medicine.
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