Penetratin-GG Cell-Penetrating Peptide is based on the classic 16-residue cell-penetrating peptide penetratin, RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK, followed by two glycine residues. Antennapedia-Derived Penetratin Penetratin corresponds to residues 43-58 of the third helix of the Drosophila Antennapedia homeodomain. It was one of the earliest peptides shown to enter cells and has become a standard model CPP for investigating membrane association, endocytosis, direct translocation, and intracellular cargo delivery. The peptide contains multiple basic residues together with two tryptophans, creating a characteristic combination of cationic and hydrophobic/aromatic features important for membrane interaction. C-Terminal Gly-Gly Extension LT8738 retains the complete penetratin sequence and adds two glycines at the C-terminus. Glycine extensions can provide additional spacing or a flexible junction for subsequent conjugation and peptide-engineering strategies. Potential Research Applications - Cellular uptake studies
- CPP mechanism research
- Cargo-delivery design
- Membrane-binding assays
- Fluorescence or nanoparticle conjugation
- Peptide translocation studies
References Lindberg M, et al. Structure and positioning comparison of two variants of penetratin in two different membrane mimicking systems by NMR. Eur J Biochem. 2003;270(14):3055-3063.
doi: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03685.x.
Public source / publication Letoha T, et al. Investigation of penetratin peptides. Part 2. In vitro uptake of penetratin and two of its derivatives. J Pept Sci. 2005.
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Peptide Carrier Protein Conjugation Research Use Only. Not for human, diagnostic, clinical, or therapeutic use. | 