Product Name | FAM HIV-1 tat Protein (47-57) |
Product Quantity | 1 mg |
Catalog Number | LT6137 |
Molecular Weight | 1918.16 |
Formula | C85H128N32O20 |
Sequence | {FAM}-Tyr-Gly-Arg-Lys-Lys-Arg-Arg-Gln-Arg-Arg-Arg, {FAM}-YGRKKRRQRRR |
Product Description |  This is the most characterized fragment of the HIV transactivator protein (TAT) YGRKKRRQRRR. The TAT peptide is rich in positively charged amino acids, notably arginine and lysine, which enable it to interact with negatively charged components of the cell membrane. This interaction facilitates its internalization into cells, primarily through endocytosis, although direct translocation mechanisms have also been proposed. The conjugation of the TAT peptide with a fluorescent dye, such as 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (FAM), results in FAM-YGRKKRRQRRR, a fluorescently labeled CPP. This modification allows researchers to visually track the peptide's cellular uptake and distribution using fluorescence-based techniques. -
Applications: -
Cellular Imaging: FAM-TAT enables real-time visualization of peptide internalization and intracellular trafficking. -
Quantitative Uptake Studies: Fluorescence intensity measurements facilitate the quantification of peptide uptake in different cell types. -
Cargo Delivery Tracking: When conjugated to therapeutic agents, FAM-TAT allows monitoring of cargo delivery efficiency. -
Advantages: -
Considerations: -
Photobleaching: FAM is prone to photobleaching, which can affect long-term imaging studies. -
pH Sensitivity: The fluorescence intensity of FAM can be influenced by pH changes, potentially impacting quantitative analyses. |
Scientific Background | FAM HIV-1 tat Protein (47-57) is a synthetic HIV-derived research peptide. Synthetic peptides derived from HIV proteins have long been used to map B-cell and T-cell determinants, define HLA-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes, study viral protein interactions, and provide sequence-defined controls for immunological assays. Because HIV proteins are highly variable and peptide function depends strongly on the source protein, residue range, viral subtype, and HLA allele, biological interpretation should be made for the exact product sequence rather than for HIV-derived peptides as a single class. |
Research Applications | - HIV-specific T-cell assays
- HLA-restricted epitope mapping
- antibody-binding studies
- viral protein interaction experiments
- sequence-variant and subtype comparisons
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Experimental Notes | For antigenic or viral peptides, HLA restriction, cellular response, and immunological activity should not be inferred solely from the source protein name; the exact sequence, residue numbering, strain or genotype, and experimental system should be considered. For labeled or otherwise modified variants, the modification may also affect binding or assay behavior. |
Selected References | - T cell recognition of HIV synthetic peptides in natural infection
- Helper and cytotoxic T cell responses of HIV-1-infected individuals to synthetic peptides
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