BAM-22P is the longest and best-studied member of the bovine adrenal medulla peptide series, and the one in which the dual pharmacology of this family was established. It retains the Met-enkephalin N-terminus shared across the series, so it is an opioid receptor agonist, but its C-terminal region gives it a second activity that the shorter members express less clearly. That second activity is the reason this peptide is widely used. The fragment BAM8-22, which lacks the enkephalin N-terminus, is an agonist at sensory-neuron-specific Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors and acts independently of opioid receptors, making it a standard tool in itch and pain research. Spinal BAM22-like peptide has been examined directly for its role in modulating nociceptive processing, and the two receptor systems can produce effects in the same preparation. The experimental implication is specific to this product rather than general: because both activities are present in the full-length peptide, an effect observed with BAM-22P cannot be attributed to either receptor family without controls. Naloxone establishes the opioid component; comparing against the BAM8-22 fragment isolates the Mas-related component. Researchers wanting only the non-opioid pharmacology generally use the truncated fragment rather than this peptide. | 