Biochemists are excited by the possibilities presented by peptides and proteins as pharmaceuticals because they so often mimic exactly the behavior of a natural ligand – the substance that interacts with the receptor on an enzyme or cell to cause a biological process.

Peptides are used for:
1. Self-Assembling Peptide Epitopes as Novel Platform for Anticancer Vaccination: OVA 250−264 and HPV16 E7 43−57.

2.Incorporation of DSPE-PEG and cRGD-modified DSPE-PEG molecules improves the biocompatibility and cellular uptake of the nanoprodrug platform: Click chemistry conjugation of peptides to PEGs. 

3. Designing Tracers for Imaging from Cyclic Peptides: ATTO, FITC, FAM, Cy3, Cy5, infrared C7. 

4. Co-delivery of tumor antigen and dual toll-like receptor ligands into dendritic cell: Cell Penetrating Peptides, HIV-TAT proteins, R8.