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Scientific Tools and Tips
- Codon Table
- Amino Acid Structure
- Amino Acid Properties
- Fluorophores
LifeTein Codon Usage Table
|
|
Name/Abbreviation |
M.W. |
pI |
CAS Registry Number |
Structure / formula |
3D Structure |
|
Alanine |
89.09 |
6 |
56-41-7 |
|
|
|
Ala A |
|
Arginine |
174.2 |
11.15 |
74-79-3 |
| HN=C(NH2)-NH-(CH2)3-CH(NH2)-COOH | |
|
|
Arg R |
|
Asparagine |
132.12 |
5.41 |
5794-13-8 |
|
|
|
Asn N |
|
Aspartic acid |
133.1 |
2.77 |
56-84-8 |
|
|
|
Asp D |
|
Cysteine |
121.15 |
5.02 |
52-90-4 |
|
|
|
Cys C |
|
Glutamine |
146.15 |
5.65 |
56-85-9 |
| H2N-CO-(CH2)2-CH(NH2)-COOH | |
|
|
Gln Q |
|
Glutamic acid |
147.13 |
3.22 |
56-86-0 |
|
|
|
Glu E |
|
Glycine |
75.07 |
5.97 |
56-40-6 |
|
|
|
Gly G |
|
Histidine
|
155.16 |
7.47 |
71-00-1 |
N=C-NH-C=C-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH |
|
|
|
|
His H |
|
|
Isoleucine |
131.17 |
5.94 |
73-32-5 |
| CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH(NH2)-COOH | |
|
|
Ile I |
|
Leucine |
131.17 |
5.98 |
61-90-5 |
| (CH3)2-CH-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH | |
|
|
Leu L |
|
Lysine |
146.19 |
9.59 |
39665-12-8 |
|
|
|
Lys K |
|
Methionine |
149.21 |
5.74 |
63-68-3 |
| CH3-S-(CH2)2-CH(NH2)-COOH | |
|
|
Met M |
|
Phenylalanine |
165.19 |
5.48 |
63-91-2 |
|
|
|
Phe F |
|
Proline
|
115.13 |
6.3 |
147-85-3 |
NH-(CH2)3-CH-COOH |
|
|
|
|
Pro P |
|
|
Serine |
105.09 |
5.68 |
56-45-1 |
|
|
|
Ser S |
|
Threonine |
119.12 |
5.64 |
72-19-5 |
|
|
|
Thr T |
|
Tryptophan
|
204.23 |
5.89 |
73-22-3 |
Ph-NH-CH-C-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH |
|
|
|_______| |
|
Trp W |
|
|
Tyrosine |
181.19 |
5.66 |
60-18-4 |
|
|
|
Tyr Y |
|
Valine |
117.15 |
5.96 |
72-18-4 |
|
|
|
Val V |
|
Amino Acid Properties
| Amino Acid |
L_Amino Acid |
D_Amino Acid |
Charge |
Hydrophobicity |
Molecular Weight |
| Acetyl |
|
|
0 |
0.31 |
43.05 |
| Alanine |
L-Alanine (A) |
D-Alanine (a) |
0 |
0.31 |
71.08 |
| Amide |
|
|
0 |
-0.6 |
16.02 |
| Arginine |
L-Arginine (R) |
D-Arginine (r) |
1 |
-1.01 |
156.19 |
| Asparagine |
L-Asparagine (N) |
D-Asparagine (n) |
0 |
-0.6 |
114.1 |
| Aspartic Acid |
L-Aspartic Acid (D) |
D-Aspartic Acid (d) |
-1 |
-0.77 |
115.09 |
| Biocytin amide |
|
|
0 |
1.85 |
370.5 |
| Biotin |
|
|
0 |
2 |
227.31 |
| Cysteine |
L-Cysteine (C) |
D-Cysteine (c) |
0 |
1.54 |
103.14 |
| Free acid |
|
|
-1 |
-0.77 |
17.01 |
| Free amine |
|
|
1 |
-0.99 |
1.01 |
| Glutamic Acid |
L-Glutamic Acid (E) |
D-Glutamic Acid (e) |
-1 |
-0.64 |
129.12 |
| Glutamine |
L-Glutamine (Q) |
D-Glutamine (q) |
0 |
-0.22 |
128.13 |
| Glycine |
Glycine (G) |
|
0 |
0 |
57.05 |
| Histidine |
L-Histidine (H) |
D-Histidine (h) |
1 |
0.13 |
137.14 |
| Isoleucine |
L-Isoleucine (I) |
D-Isoleucine (i) |
0 |
1.8 |
113.16 |
| Leucine |
L-Leucine (L) |
D-Leucine (l) |
0 |
1.7 |
113.16 |
| Long Chain Biotin |
|
|
0 |
1.85 |
340.47 |
| Lysine |
L-Lysine (K) |
D-Lysine (k) |
1 |
-0.99 |
128.17 |
| Methionine |
L-Methionine (M) |
D-Methionine (m) |
0 |
1.23 |
131.2 |
| Phenylalanine |
L-Phenylalanine (F) |
D-Phenylalanine (f) |
0 |
1.79 |
147.18 |
| Proline |
L-Proline (P) |
D-Proline (p) |
0 |
0.72 |
97.12 |
| Serine |
L-Serine (S) |
D-Serine (s) |
0 |
-0.04 |
87.08 |
| Threonine |
L-Threonine (T) |
D-Threonine (t) |
0 |
0.26 |
101.11 |
| Tryptophan |
L-Tryptophan (W) |
D-Tryptophan (w) |
0 |
2.25 |
186.21 |
| Tyrosine |
L-Tyrosine (Y) |
D-Tyrosine (y) |
0 |
0.96 |
163.18 |
| Valine |
L-Valine (V) |
D-Valine (v) |
0 |
1.22 |
99.13 |
|
LifeTein Modifications: Fluorophores list including absorption
and emission peak values
|
Fluorophore |
Absorption |
Emission |
|
1,5 IAEDANS |
336 |
490 |
| 1,8-ANS |
372 |
480 |
| 4-Methylumbelliferone |
385 |
502 |
| 5-carboxy-2,7-dichlorofluorescein |
504 |
529 |
| 5-Carboxyfluorescein (5-FAM) |
492 |
518 |
| 5-Carboxynapthofluorescein (pH 10) |
512/598 |
563/668 |
| 5-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine (5-TAMRA) |
542 |
568 |
| 5-FAM
(5-Carboxyfluorescein) |
492 |
518 |
| 5-HAT
(Hydroxy Tryptamine) |
370-415 |
520-540 |
| 5-Hydroxy Tryptamine (HAT) |
370-415 |
520-540 |
| 5-ROX
(carboxy-X-rhodamine) |
578
567 |
604
591 |
| 5-TAMRA
(5-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine) |
548
542 |
552
568 |
| 6-Carboxyrhodamine 6G |
518 |
543 |
| 6-CR
6G |
518 |
543 |
| 6-JOE |
520 |
548 |
| 7-Amino-4-methylcoumarin |
351 |
430 |
| 7-Aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) |
546 |
647 |
| 7-Hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin |
360 |
449,
455 |
| 9-Amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine |
412,
430 |
471,
474 |
| ABQ |
344 |
445 |
| Acid
Fuchsin |
540 |
630 |
| ACMA
(9-Amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine) |
412,
430 |
471,
474 |
| Acridine
Orange + DNA |
502 |
526 |
| Acridine
Orange + RNA |
460 |
650 |
| Acridine
Orange, both DNA & RNA |
440-480 |
520-650 |
| Acridine
Red |
455-600 |
560-680 |
| Acridine
Yellow |
470 |
550 |
| Acriflavin |
436 |
520 |
| Acriflavin Feulgen SITSA |
355-425 |
460 |
| Aequorin
(Photoprotein) |
|
466 |
| AFPs -
AutoFluorescent Protein - (Quantum Biotechnologies) see sgGFP,
sgBFP |
|
|
| Alexa
Fluor 350TM |
346
342 |
442
441 |
| Alexa
Fluor 430TM |
431 |
540 |
| Alexa
Fluor 488TM |
495,
492 |
519,
520 |
| Alexa
Fluor 532TM |
531,
532 |
553,
554 |
| Alexa
Fluor 546TM |
556,
557 |
572,
573 |
| Alexa
Fluor 568TM |
577,
578 |
603 |
| Alexa
Fluor 594TM |
590,
594 |
617,
618 |
| Alexa
Fluor 633TM |
632 |
650 |
| Alexa
Fluor 647TM |
647 |
666 |
| Alexa
Fluor 660TM |
668 |
698 |
| Alexa
Fluor 680TM |
679 |
702 |
| Alizarin
Complexon |
530-560,
580 |
580,
624-645 |
| Alizarin
Red |
530-560 |
580 |
| Allophycocyanin (APC) |
630,
645 |
655,
660 |
| AMC,
AMCA-S |
345 |
445 |
| AMCA
(Aminomethylcoumarin) |
345
347 |
425
444 |
| AMCA-X |
353 |
442 |
| Aminoactinomycin D |
555 |
655 |
| Aminocoumarin |
346
350 |
442
445 |
| Aminomethylcoumarin (AMCA) |
345
347 |
425
444 |
| Anilin
Blue |
|
600 |
| Anthrocyl stearate |
360-381 |
446 |
| APC
(Allophycocyanin) |
630,
645 |
655,
660 |
| APC-Cy7 |
625-650 |
755 |
| APTRA-BTC = Ratio Dye, Zn2+ |
466/380 |
520/530 |
| APTS |
424 |
505 |
| Astrazon
Brilliant Red 4G |
500 |
585 |
| Astrazon
Orange R |
470 |
540 |
| Astrazon
Red 6B |
520 |
595 |
| Astrazon
Yellow 7 GLL |
450 |
480 |
| Atabrine |
436 |
490 |
| ATTO-TAGTM CBQCA |
465 |
560 |
| ATTO-TAGTM FQ |
486 |
591 |
| Auramine |
460 |
550 |
| Aurophosphine G |
450 |
580 |
| Aurophosphine |
450-490 |
515 |
| BAO
9
(Bisaminophenyloxadiazole) |
365 |
395 |
| BCECF
(high pH) |
492,
503 |
520,528 |
| BCECF
(low pH) |
482 |
520 |
| Berberine Sulphate |
430 |
550 |
| Beta
Lactamase |
409 |
447,
520 |
BFP blue
shifted GFP (Y66H)
Blue
Fluorescent Protein |
381, 382,
383 |
445, 447,
448 |
| BFP/GFP
FRET |
|
|
| Bimane |
398 |
490 |
| Bisbenzamide |
360 |
461 |
| Bisbenzimide (Hoechst) |
360 |
461 |
| bis-BTC
= Ratio Dye, Zn2+ |
455/405 |
529/505 |
| Blancophor FFG |
390 |
470 |
| Blancophor SV |
370 |
435 |
| BOBOTM
-1 |
462 |
481 |
| BOBOTM
-3 |
570 |
602 |
| Bodipy
492/515 |
490 |
515 |
| Bodipy
493/503 |
533 |
549 |
| Bodipy
500/510 |
509 |
515 |
| Bodipy
505/515 |
502 |
510 |
| Bodipy
530/550 |
528 |
547 |
| Bodipy
542/563 |
543 |
563 |
| Bodipy
558/568 |
558 |
569 |
| Bodipy
564/570 |
564 |
570 |
| Bodipy
576/589 |
579 |
590 |
| Bodipy
581/591 |
584 |
592 |
| Bodipy
630/650-X |
625 |
642 |
| Bodipy
650/665-X |
647 |
665 |
| Bodipy
665/676 |
605 |
676 |
| Bodipy
Fl |
504,
505 |
511,
513 |
| Bodipy
FL ATP |
505 |
514 |
| Bodipy
Fl-Ceramide |
505 |
511 |
| Bodipy
R6G SE |
528 |
547 |
| Bodipy
TMR |
542 |
574 |
| Bodipy
TMR-X conjugate |
544 |
573 |
| Bodipy
TMR-X, SE |
544 |
570 |
| Bodipy
TR |
589 |
617 |
| Bodipy
TR ATP |
591 |
620 |
| Bodipy
TR-X SE |
588 |
616 |
| BO-PROTM
-1 |
462 |
481 |
| BO-PROTM
-3 |
544 |
570 |
| Brilliant Sulphoflavin FF |
430 |
520 |
| BTC -
Ratio Dye Ca2+ |
464/401 |
533/529 |
| BTC-5N -
atio Dye, Zn2+ |
459/417 |
517/532 |
| Calcein |
494 |
517 |
| Calcein
Blue |
373 |
440 |
| Calcium
CrimsonTM |
588,
589 |
611,
615 |
| Calcium
Green |
501,
506 |
531 |
| Calcium
Green-1 Ca2+ Dye |
506 |
531 |
| Calcium
Green-2 Ca2+ |
506/503 |
536 |
| Calcium
Green-5N Ca2+ |
506 |
532 |
| Calcium
Green-C18 Ca2+ |
509 |
530 |
| Calcium
Orange |
549 |
575
576 |
| Calcofluor White |
385, 395,
405 |
437, 440,
445 |
| Carboxy-X-rhodamine (5-ROX) |
576 |
601 |
| Cascade
BlueTM |
377
398
399 |
420
423 |
| Cascade
Yellow |
399
400 |
550
552 |
| Catecholamine |
410 |
470 |
| CCF2
(GeneBlazer) |
|
|
| CFDA |
494 |
520 |
| CFP -
Cyan Fluorescent Protein |
430, 433, 436,
(453) |
474, 475, 476,
(501) |
| CFP/YFP
FRET |
|
|
| Chlorophyll |
480 |
650 |
| Chromomycin A |
436-460 |
470 |
| Chromomycin A |
445 |
575 |
| CL-NERF
(Ratio Dye, pH) |
504/514 |
540 |
| CMFDA |
494 |
520 |
| Coelenterazine Ca2+ Dye, bioluminescence |
(429) |
465 |
| Coelenterazine cp (Ca2+ Dye,) |
(430) |
442 |
| Coelenterazine f |
(437) |
473 |
| Coelenterazine fcp |
|
452 |
| Coelenterazine h |
(437) |
464 |
| Coelenterazine hcp |
(433) |
444 |
| Coelenterazine ip |
|
441 |
| Coelenterazine n |
(431) |
467 |
| Coelenterazine O |
460 |
575 |
| Coumarin
Phalloidin |
387 |
470 |
| C-phycocyanine |
|
|
| CPM
Methylcoumarin |
384 |
469 |
| CTC |
400-450 |
602 |
| CTC
Formazan |
|
|
| Cy2TM |
489 |
506 |
| Cy3.1
8 |
554 |
568 |
| Cy3.5TM |
581 |
598 |
| Cy3TM |
514
552
554 |
566
570 |
| Cy5.1
8 |
649 |
666 |
| Cy5.5TM |
675 |
695 |
| Cy5TM |
649 |
666
670 |
| Cy7TM |
710,
743 |
767,
805 |
| Cyan
GFP |
433
(453) |
475
(501) |
| cyclic
AMP Fluorosensor (FiCRhR) |
500 |
517 |
| CyQuant
Cell Proliferation Assay |
480 |
520 |
| Dabcyl |
453 |
|
| Dansyl |
340 |
578 |
| Dansyl
Amine |
337 |
517 |
| Dansyl
Cadaverine |
335 |
518 |
| Dansyl
Chloride |
372 |
518 |
| Dansyl
DHPE |
336 |
517 |
| Dansyl
fluoride |
356 |
none |
| DAPI |
359 |
461 |
| Dapoxyl |
403 |
580 |
| Dapoxyl
2 |
374 |
574 |
| Dapoxyl
3 |
373 |
574 |
| DCFDA |
504 |
529 |
| DCFH
(Dichlorodihydrofluorescein Diacetate) |
505 |
535 |
| DDAO |
463 |
607 |
| DHR
(Dihydorhodamine 123) |
505 |
534 |
| Di-4-ANEPPS |
496 |
705 |
| Di-8-ANEPPS (non-ratio) |
488
498 |
605
713 |
| DiA
(4-Di-16-ASP) |
456 |
591 |
| Dichlorodihydrofluorescein Diacetate
(DCFH) |
505 |
535 |
| DiD -
Lipophilic Tracer |
644 |
665 |
| DiD
(DiIC18(5)) |
644 |
665 |
| DIDS |
341 |
415 |
| Dihydorhodamine 123 (DHR) |
505 |
535 |
| DiI
(DiIC18(3)) |
549,
551 |
565 |
| Dinitrophenol |
349 |
|
| DiO
(DiOC18(3)) |
484,
487 |
501,
502 |
| DiR |
748 |
780 |
| DiR
(DiIC18(7)) |
750 |
779 |
| DM-NERF
(high pH) |
497/510 |
540 |
| DNP |
349 |
|
| Dopamine |
340 |
490-520 |
| DsRed |
558 |
583 |
| DTAF |
494 |
520 |
| DY-630-NHS |
621 |
660 |
| DY-635-NHS |
634 |
664 |
| EBFP |
383 |
447 |
| ECFP |
436 |
474 |
| EGFP |
488,
498 |
507,
516 |
| ELF
97 |
345 |
530 |
| Eosin |
524 |
545 |
| Erythrosin |
529,
532 |
554,
555 |
| Erythrosin ITC |
529 |
555 |
| Ethidium
Bromide |
510,
523 |
595,
605 |
| Ethidium
homodimer -1 (EthD-1) |
528 |
617 |
| Euchrysin |
430 |
540 |
| EukoLight |
|
|
| Europium
(III) chloride |
|
|
| EYFP |
513,
520 |
527,
532 |
| Fast
Blue |
360 |
440 |
| FDA |
494 |
520 |
| Feulgen
(Pararosaniline) |
570 |
625 |
| FIF
(Formaldehyd Induced Fluorescence) |
405 |
433 |
| FITC |
490,
494 |
520,
525 |
| FITC
Antibody |
493 |
517 |
| Flazo
Orange |
375-530 |
612 |
| Fluo-3 |
480 – 506,
506 |
520,
527 |
| Fluo-4 |
494 |
516 |
| Fluorescein (FITC) |
490,
494 |
520,
525 |
| Fluorescein Diacetate |
494 |
520 |
| Fluoro-Emerald |
495 |
524 |
| Fluoro-Gold (Hydroxystilbamidine) |
361 |
536 |
| Fluor-Ruby |
555 |
582 |
| FluorX |
494 |
520 |
| FM
1-43TM |
479 |
598 |
| FM
4-46 |
515 |
640 |
| Fura
RedTM (high pH) |
572 |
657 |
| Fura
RedTM/Fluo-3 |
|
|
| Fura-2,
high calcium |
335 |
505 |
| Fura-2,
low calcium |
363 |
512 |
| Fura-2/BCECF |
|
|
| Genacryl
Brilliant Red B |
520 |
590 |
| Genacryl
Brilliant Yellow 10GF |
430 |
485 |
| Genacryl
Pink 3G |
470 |
583 |
| Genacryl
Yellow 5GF |
430 |
475 |
| GeneBlazer (CCF2) |
|
|
| GFP
(S65T) |
498 |
516 |
| GFP red
shifted (rsGFP) |
498 |
516 |
| GFP wild
type, non-UV excitation (wtGFP) |
475 |
509 |
| GFP wild
type, UV excitation (wtGFP) |
395 |
509 |
| GFPuv |
385 |
508 |
| Gloxalic
Acid |
405 |
460 |
| Granular
Blue |
355 |
425 |
| Haematoporphyrin |
530-560 |
580 |
|
|
