{"id":111,"date":"2012-03-28T10:45:07","date_gmt":"2012-03-28T14:45:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lifetein.com\/blog\/?p=111"},"modified":"2024-11-16T22:38:19","modified_gmt":"2024-11-17T03:38:19","slug":"d-amino-acid-peptides-to-resist-common-proteases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifetein.com\/blog\/d-amino-acid-peptides-to-resist-common-proteases\/","title":{"rendered":"D-amino acid peptides to resist common proteases"},"content":{"rendered":"Proteins and most naturally occurring peptides are composed of amino acids in the L-configuration. However, D-amino acids have been detected in a variety of peptides synthesized in animal cells. Examples include opiate and antimicrobial peptides from frog skin, neuropeptides from snails, hormones from crustaceans, and venom from spiders. These D amino acid peptides are considered to be the most promising alternative for anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and delivery agents.\n

About D-Amino Acid Peptides<\/h2>\nThe design of all-D-peptides has been applied to increase bioactive peptides\u2019 resistance to endogenous enzymes, as well as their bioavailability. Retro-inverso peptides are obtained by replacing the standard L-amino acid residues with the corresponding D-amino acids and reversing the direction of the peptide backbone. Therefore, the original spatial orientation and the chirality of the side chains is unchanged. This results in a non-complementary side chain topochemistry between the analog and the parental L-peptide. The significantly improved biostability of D-peptides usually leads to longer in vivo circulation half-time, making the D-peptide based drug delivery system more attractive and efficient than their L-peptide counterparts.\n\nSuccess has been achieved immunologically in using retro-inverso peptides toward antigenic mimicry of their parent l-peptides. It was found that the retro-all-d-peptide isomer of p53(15\u201329), like its parent l-peptide, adopted a right-handed helical conformation in the complex. However, in some cases, the retro-inverso isomers are significantly inferior to their parent l-peptides. The low cellular uptake of D-peptides remain an unmet challenge.\n\nSo the best way is to insert some key D amino acids into the peptide sequence. For example, some pharmaceutical important peptide antibiotics such as gramicidins, actinomycins, or bacitracins incorporate D-amino acids into the drug design. The assemblies of D-peptides deserve further exploration and may lead to more surprises.\n\n
\"D<\/a>

D amino acid peptide with high stability<\/p><\/div>\n\nSee more details from here: http:\/\/lifetein.com\/Peptide-Synthesis-D-Amino-Acid.html\n\nReference: http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/102\/2\/413.full.pdf+html\n\nGoogle+<\/a>\n

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Proteins and most naturally occurring peptides are composed of amino acids in the L-configuration. However, D-amino acids have been detected in a variety of peptides synthesized in animal cells. 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